The process of modifying a building's structure.

Glass, plastic panels, or plastic sheets that reduce air infiltration and some heat loss when attached to either the interior or exterior of existing windows.

Reduction in mechanical properties of a metal as a result of local penetration of solder along grain boundaries.

Special Treatment

Sailor's songs sung in the forecastle when the men of a watch were off duty. These were sung for entertainment, thus they were not shanties.

A type of High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamp that uses sodium under high pressure as the primary light-producing element. These high efficiency lights produce a golden white color and are used for interior industrial applications, such as in warehouses a ...

Electrode potential where half-cell reaction involves only the metal electrode and its ion.

ICS solar systems are also called "batch" or "breadbox" water heaters. They combine the collector and storage tank in one unit. The sun shining into the collector strikes the storage tank directly, heating the water. The large thermal mass of the water, p ...

The volume of a unit weight of a substance at a specific temperature and pressure.

Weight of the earth's atmosphere over a unit area of the earth's surface, measured with a mercury barometer at sea level. which corresponds to the pressure required to lift a column of mercury 760 mm.

The physical material upon which a photovoltaic cell is applied.

The volume of selling increasing rapidly and peaking abruptly at market tops during the last stage.

Deep internal cracks caused by hydrogen.

The component of either a liquid or solid solution that is present to a greater or major extent; the component that dissolves the solute.

A seasonal wind of persistent direction, characterized by a pronounced change in direction between seasons.

A measure of long-term precipitation effectiveness. The ratio of the normal annual rainfall to the normal annual evaporation.

Navigation rules governing waters inside designated demarcation zones

See galvanostatic.

A process employed in the shipment of citrus fruits and other perishable commodities. The fruit is packed and placed in a cold room from which the heat is gradually extracted. The boxes of fruit are packed in containers that have been thoroughly cooled an ...

Slang expression to indicate that a ship was not fitted with any mechanical aids, and that all the work of the ship had to be done with the strong arms of the crew.