A way of joining photovoltaic cells or modules by connecting positive leads together and negative leads together; such a configuration increases the current, but not the voltage.

Any material that has a limited capacity for conducting an electric current. Certain semiconductors, including silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium telluride, are uniquely suited to the photovoltaic conversion process.

The thermal energy used in an industrial process.

A product of crude oil that is used for space heating, diesel engines, and electrical generation.

The power output of a device under specific or nominal operating conditions.

An electric current induced by radiant energy.

A discontinuance of electric power supply.

The replacement of a non-functional or ineffective lamp with a new, more efficient lamp.

A configuration of an electrical circuit in which the positive lead is connected to the negative lead of another energy producing, conducting, or consuming device. The voltages of each device are additive, whereas the current is not.

A unit or measure of solar radiation; 1 calorie per square meter or 3.69 Btu per square foot.

A solar energy concentrating technology that uses a linear receiver that tracks the focal area of a reflector or array of reflectors.

The addition of dopants to a semiconductor.

The process of implementing measures to reduce peak power demands on a system.

The amount that the voltage, current, and/or power output of a solar cell changes due to a change in the cell temperature.

The amount of heat in a quantity of matter at a specific temperature and pressure.

The change in the power available in the wind due to changes in the windspeed or velocity profile; the windpower profile is proportional to the cube of the wind speed profile.

A component of a water heating system that opens at a designated temperature or pressure to prevent a possible tank, radiator, or delivery pipe rupture.

For valves and fittings, implies that they are suitable for working pressures between 125 to 175 pounds per square inch.

The compound (working fluid) used in air conditioners, heat pumps, and refrigerators to transfer heat into or out of an interior space. This fluid boils at a very low temperature enabling it to evaporate and absorb heat.

Classifications of fires developed by the National Fire Protection Association.