On a square-rigged ship, the short pieces of line which hang from the yards and support the footropes on which the topmen stand while working aloft on the sails.

A change made either in the route of a shipment in transit (see Reconsignment) or of the entire ship.

A monetary allowance to the customer for picking up or delivering at a point other than the destination shown on the bill of lading. This provision is covered by tariff publication.

Beams sometimes fitted over the decks for the stowage of heavy boats or cargo.

Open ocean sailing

A large reinforced eye in the leech and clew of a sail that allows a line to fasten to it; e.g., the reef cringle and clew cringle.

To lift or raise, such as a sail or a flag.

The difference between the discharge pressure and the intake pressure.

A compressor belonging to the group of displacement rotary compressors, a type of valve less displacement machine. Also referred to as "Roots blower".

Machines in which compression is effected by the positive action of rotating elements.

A bullying and tyrannical officer; he would drive his crew by brutality and the power of his fists.

The metal axle of a block upon which the sheave revolves.

Air at a temperature of 68

Sailing too close to the wind

Adjustable stays used to support and control tension on the mast when the wind is from abaft the beam; temporary backstays used to stabilize the mast and prevent undue flexing due to the pumping action of the sea.

(1) A navigator shoots the sun by using a sextant to measure its altitude. (2) A sailing vessel shoots when she forges ahead to windward with her sails luffing.

Contraction for "Shipper's Export Declaration."

Single tariff item, established to move multiple commodities needed for a specified project, usually construction.

A time or a date draft that has been accepted by the buyer (the drawee) for payment at maturity.

Surface which forms a shore-based interface with ships.