A reference book named after the original author, Nathaniel Bowditch. Updated versions contain tables and other information useful for navigation.

A spar which projects forward from the bow of some boats, and extends the sail plan by allowing the headsails to be secured further forward.

A spar extending forward from the stem.

In a square rigged ship, the act of hauling the head sheets to windward and laying the head-yards flat aback in order to bring the ships head out of the wind while tacking. This is done when helm action alone is insufficient.

To know and to be able to recite the points of a compass from north to south to north again, both clockwise and counter-clockwise.

A closed rail freight car.

Calling names of the points of the compass in order.

States that the volume of a gas, at constant temperature, varies inversely with the pressure.

Back pressure.

The operation of swinging round, by means of braces, the yards of a square rigged ship to set the sails more efficiently to the wind.

A moment of time which could be measured by the shaking of a sail as a sailing ship comes into the wind.

On square rigged ships, lines or cables attached to the ends of each yard; these are used to pivot (brace) the yards around the mast at different angles to the fore-and-aft line of the ship to make the most of the wind..

The maximum rate at which an engine can do work as measured by the resistance of an applied brake. Expressed in horsepower.

Fresh water mixed with sea water, having a density between 1,000 and 1,026 kg/cm3

Are lines that supply equipment from sub headers.

Ice broken into pieces, and projecting very little above sea level.

(1) Said of seas that break over a vessel or over a sea wall. (2) A whale breaches when it leaps out of the water.

To unload and distribute a portion or all of the contents of a rail car, container, or trailer. - Loose, non-containerized cargo.

The process of assimilating many small shipments into one large shipment at a central point so that economies of scale may be achieved; to commence discharge of cargo.

Said of anchor when it lifts clear of the bottom.