An instrument, dropped from high attitude and carried by a stable parachute. used to measure the vertical component of turbulence aloft.

The depth of water that would result from the melting of snow or ice, assuming measurement on a horizontal surface and no infiltration or evaporation.

In general. the severe wind of an intense tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). The term has no further technical connotation, but, unfortunately, is easily conftlsed with the strictly defined hurricane-force wind,

Same as atmometer.

A thermometer, invented by James Six in 1782, which simultaneously indicates the maximum and minimum temperatures attained during a given interval of time. A U-tube min/max thermometer

The range of operating conditions within which a device is designed to operate and for which operating influences are stated. See operating conditions, reference operating conditions.

An instrument for measuring radiant energy. See actinometer, Dines radiometer, photometer, Tulipian radiometer.

The transducer of any hygrometer, i.e. that part of a hygrometer that quantitatively "senses" atmospheric water vapor.

Abbreviation for precipitation-evaporation quotient.

A rainbow seen in the spray of the ocean. It is optically the same phenomenon as the ordinary rainbow.

An instrument for determining the direction from which radio waves approach a receiver. It may consist of a manually operated direction indicator, or it may use a servo system to position the antenna automatically in the direction of the incident waves. T ...

A graduated scale placed in a position so that the stage of a stream may be read directly from it. Staff gauges may be placed on bridge piers or pilings, etc., or placed on specially constructed supports.

Downward-facing pyranometer used for measuring reflected solar radiation.

A device for measuring the river stage. Also called stream gauge.

A graphical representation of stage or discharge at a point on a stream as a function of time.

A wind blowing in a direction opposite to the heading of a moving object, thus opposing the object's intended progress; the opposite of a tailwind.

Precipitation from a cumuliform cloud. Characterized by the suddenness of beginning and ending, by the rapid change in intensity, and usually by a rapid change in the condition of the sky. The solid or liquid water particles are usually bigger than the co ...

A wind vane used to obtain the horizontal and vertical components of the wind.

Precipitation composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice with diameters between 5 and 50 mm.

An increase in the central pressure of a pressure system; opposite of a deepening. More commonly applied to a low rather than a high.