Any meteorological instrument, such as a radiosonde, in which the recording apparatus is located at some distance from the measuring apparatus.

The array of indicating marks and figure in relation to which the position of an index is observed, i.e. a scale plate on a recorder.

A basic equation in daytime visual range theory, relating the apparent luminance of a distant black object, the apparent luminance of the background sky above the horizon, and the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere, or the air layer near the ground. ...

Operation mode of a communication circuit in which each end can transmit and receive, but not simultaneously.

The writing component of a recording instrument.

An instrument for measuring differences of electric potential.

A rain gauge which is placed under trees or foliage to determine the rainfall in that location. By comparing this catch with that from a rain gauge set in the open. the amount of rainfall which has been intercepted by foliage can be determined.

A device, similar to a phytometer, for measuring transpiration. It consists of a small vessel containing water and sealed so that the only escape of moisture is by transpiration from a leaf, twig, or small plant with its cut end inserted in the water.

A measure of the intensity of gusts given by the ratio of the total range of wind speed between gusts and the intermediate periods of lighter wind to the mean wind speed, averaged over both gusts and lulls.

A direct-vision nephoscope constructed in the following manner: A grid-work of bars is mounted horizontally on the end of a vertical column and made free to rotate about the vertical axis. The observer rotates the grid and adjusts his or her position unti ...

An instrument for recording ocean waves. Most recorders are designed for recording wind waves, that is waves of periods up to about 25 seconds, but some are designed to record waves of longer periods such as tsunamis or tides.

A type of pressure-tube anemometer, named after the inventor.

The condition of the atmosphere when the amount of water vapor present is the maximum possible at the existing temperature.

A sounding balloon which, when operationally inflated, resembles an inverted teardrop.

Downward-facing pyranometer used for measuring reflected solar radiation.

An instrument, located at the surface observing station, which is used to record the data presented by a radiosonde aloft.

Any sudden and heavy rain, almost always of the shower type.

A thermometer designed for use in measuring the temperature of sea water. One form consists of a mercury-in-glass thermometer protected by a perforated metal case. Another form consists of a mercury-in-glass thermometer surrounded by a metal case which fo ...

The statement that the viscosity of air is independent of the density of air.

An instrument for measuring differences in electric potential.