States that the pressure of a gas, at constant volume, varies directly with the absolute temperature.

To hold the mainsail or jib off to the side to cause the wind to blow onto the backside of the sail, used to slow a boat

The underside of the deck, viewed from below the ceiling.

The quality, state or degree of being acid. In oils, acidity denotes the presence of acid-type constituents whose concentration is usually defined in terms of neutralization number.

A man employed in a vessel of war to take charge of a storeroom; as, boatswain's yeoman the man that has charge of the stores, of rigging, etc.

Heavy longitudinal timbers fastened over the keelson. The timbers of the bow and stern are fastened to the deadwood.

Said of a vessel when her keel is close to the bottom and all but touching it.

A sliding or hinged opening in the deck, providing people with access to the cabin or space below; an opening in a boat's deck fitted with a watertight cover.

A letter of credit that contains a limited engagement clause which states that the issuing bank promises to pay the beneficiary upon presentation of the required documents at its counters or the counters of the named bank.

Established the standard basis for adjusting general average and stated the rules for adjusting claims.

Abbreviation for "Beneficial Cargo Owner." Refers to the importer of record, who physically takes possession of cargo at destination and does not act as a third party in the movement of such goods.

(1) An old term to denote a lazy sailor who is of little use on the ship. (2) Damaged goods, especially provisions.

A component made up of a cylinder barrel, end covers, a piston rod, a steel or stainless steel piston. A device which induces action or motion with compressed air being the medium through which the power is transmitted.

A single inlet compressor with the impeller or impellers mounted on an extended shaft of the driver.

Above decks; without concealment of deceit (out in the open).

The owners of a ship are entitled to payment as freight for merchandise returned through the fault of either the consignees or the consignors. Such payment, which is over and above the normal freight, is called backfreight.

Abbreviation for "General Department Store Merchandise." A classification of commodities that includes goods generally shipped by mass-merchandise companies. This commodity structure occurs only in service contracts.

Sometimes called a pulsation damper this is a small receiver fitted on the inlet or discharge of a reciprocating compressor. The device is designed to remove the resonance from the compressor thereby reducing noise.

An order to haul away or to heave around a capstan (pull).

Bunker adjustment factor