A surface treatment at elevated temperature, generally carried out in pack, vapor, or salt bath, in which an alloy is formed by the inward diffusion of chromium into the base metal.

One quadrillion Btu. (1,000,000,000,000,000 Btu)

(1) Permanently damaging a metal or alloy by heating to cause either incipient melting or intergranular oxidation. See also over-heating. (2) In grinding, getting the work hot enough to cause discoloration or to change the microstructure by tempering or h ...

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; equal to 252 calories.

pattern barometer-Mercurial barometer with a fixed scale and cistern and which therefore requires only one adjustment before each reading.

Navigational Electronic Chart System Association

The downward flux of atmospheric radiation passing through a given level surface, usually taken as the earth's surface. This result of infrared (long-wave) absorption and reemission by the atmosphere is the principal factor in the greenhouse effect.

The action of light on a biological system that results in the dissociation of a substrate, usually water, to produce hydrogen.

National Maritime Enhancement Institute.

Patrol/Work Boat.

Committee set up by the Bank of International Settlements and based in Basle. It drew up.

A thin coating of a material applied to a photovoltaic cell surface that reduces the light reflection and increases light transmission.

To move cargo up line to a vessel leaving sooner than the one booked. (See "Roll.")

In square-rigged vessels, short lines at the lower end of the futtock shrouds used to bring in the shrouds tighter to give room to brace the yards at a sharper angle when sailing close hauled.

A method of predicting heating and/or cooling loads using instantaneous load calculation at different outdoor dry-bulb temperatures, and multiplying the result by the number of hours of occurrence of each temperature.

Used for lashing down sails, awnings, etc., a series of round turns where the end is passed over the standing part and under the bight and pulled taut on each turn.

Same as balloon cover.

The process by which a third party, usually a bank guarantees the undertaking of the drawee to meet their responsibility under a Bill of Exchange. The words "Per Aval" and the signature of the avalizing (guarantor) party must be written on the Bill. ...

The number of degrees per day that the daily average temperature (the mean of the maximum and minimum recorded temperatures) is below a base temperature, usually 65 degrees Fahrenheit, unless otherwise specified; used to determine indoor space heating req ...

Panamax Plus are all Panamax ships authorised for fresh water draft greater than 12.04m up to 15.2m and approved for transit in the new locks.