is an ideal process that may be stopped and made to retrace its steps and restore to the systems or surroundings all work and heat previously removed. It is frictionless.
A mercury-in-glass thermometer which records the temperature upon being inverted and retains its reading until being returned to the first position.
A component of a heat pump that reverses the refrigerant's direction of flow, allowing the heat pump to switch from cooling to heating or heating to cooling.
A dimensionless flow parameter, ( Jnr/m), in which J is a significant dimension, often a diameter, n is the fluid velocity, r is mass density, and m is dynamic viscosity, all in consistent units.
A straight line compass course between two points. A line on the earth's surface which intersects all meridians at the same angle.