Wind with a speed between 48 and 55 knots (55 and 63 mph), Beaufort scale number 10.

A type of rain gauge shield consisting of freely hanging, evenly spaced slats arranged circularly around the gauge. The advantage of this shield is that the slats do not easily accumulate snow, permitting its use on unattended gauges. See rain gauge shiel ...

Anemometer which measures wind speed by measuring the degree of cooling of a metal film heated by an electric current. A type of cooling-power anemometer.

An instrument for measuring radiant energy. See actinometer, Dines radiometer, photometer, Tulipian radiometer.

Wind with a speed between 41 and 47 knots (47 and 54 mph); Beaufort scale number 9.

A magnetometer of the electromagnetic type which is used to measure the horizontal intensity of the earth's magnetic field.

A rain gauge which indicates but does not record the amount of precipitation captured.

The total of all deviations of a transducer's output from a specified straight line in a constant environment.

Solar and terrestrial radiation directed downwards (towards the earth's surface); incoming radiation.

Thermodynamic change of state of a system in which there is transfer of heat across the boundaries of the system. Compare to adiabatic process.

Apparatus designed to measure the amount of precipitation falling in the form of snow. The device determines the weight of the snow or the volume of water after the snow melts.

A measure of the relative power, or of the relative values of two flux densities, especially of sound intensities and radar power densities. The decibel is derived from the less frequently used unit, the bel, named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell.

Same as geostrophic wind level.

A hygrometer in which the rotation of the hygrometric element is a function of humidity.

A vent used with pressure sensors to reduce the effect of wind on the pressure inlet. It is normally mounted remotely and connected to the sensor using airtight tubing.

Turbulence encountered by aircraft when flying through air space devoid of clouds. Thermals and wind shear are the main causes.

The rising of cold water from the deeper areas of the ocean to the surface. This phenomena often occurs along the California coast during the spring and summer.

Automated Weather Observing Station. A self-contained weather station designed to make aviation weather observations without operator involvement.

In general, the transformation of data from a "raw" form to some useable form. In meteorology, this often refers to the conversion of the observed value of an element to the value which it would theoretically have at some selected or standard level. The m ...

The temperature at which the liquid and solid forms of a substance may exist in equilibrium at a given pressure (usually one standard atmosphere). The true freezing point of water is known as the ice point.