An elastomeric bellow with specially designed metal end closures used in place of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders. A device which induces action or motion with compressed air being the medium through which the power is transmitted.

Undisturbed environmental surroundings, particularly to air and temperature.

The angular distance North or South of the equator, measured from the center of the earth. It thus corresponds to latitude on the earths surface.

A deviation to move cargo on the return leg of a voyage for the purpose of minimizing ballast mileage and thereby reducing transportation costs.

Calculation of a loss by an average adjuster.

Charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against freight handled over the pier or dock or against a steamship company using the pier or dock.

Holding oars at right angles to fore and aft line of boat with blades horizontal and parallel to surface of water.

Ship supplies.

To revolve the drum of a capstan, winch or windlass. (Pulling with mechanical deck heaving gear).

The farthest aft.

Metal bolts with an eye in the end.

Method of reeving a tackle in order to gain the maximum increase in power.

A curved metal spar for handling a boat or other heavy objects.

Down or downwards; as in "Lay alow!"; opposite of Aloft.

To remove water from the boat by hand, bucket, pump etc.

That time during which weather that prevents working shall not count as laytime

The temperature of a body referred to the absolute zero, at which point the volume of an ideal gas theoretically becomes zero. (Fahrenheit scale is minus 459.67

Above the upper deck (above).

A line rove through a single block secured aloft.

Away from the direction of the wind. Opposite of windward.