A period prior to the detection of corrosion while the metal is in contact with a corrodent.

The part of the total carbon in steel or cast iron that is present as other than free carbon.

A measure of proportion by weight, equivalent to one unit weight of a material per billion (109) unit weights of compound. One part per billion is equivalent to 1 mg/kg.

(1) The amount of any substance dissolved or deposited in electrolysis is proportional to the total electric charge passed. (2) The amounts of different substances dissolved or deposited by the passage of the same electric charge are proportional to their ...

An electrode commonly used in polarization studies to pass current to or from a test electrode, usually made of noncorroding material

The development of slight breaks in a coating that do not penetrate to the underlying surface.

(1) The relationship between the current density at a point on a surface and its distance from the counter electrode. The greater the ratio of the surface resistivity shown by the electrode reaction to the volume resistivity of the electrolyte, the better ...

A process in which metal ions in a dilute aqueous solution are plated out on a substrate by means of autocatalytic chemical reduction.

A visible corrosion product consisting of hydrated oxides of iron. Applied only to ferrous alloys. See also white rust.

Fracture characterized by tearing of metal accompanied by appreciable gross plastic deformation and expenditure of considerable energy. Contrast with brittle fracture.

The algebraic ratio of two specified stress values in a stress cycle. Two commonly used stress ratios are: (1) the ratio of the alternating stress amplitude to the mean stress. A = Sa/Sm and (2) the ratio of the minimum stress to the maximum stress. R =Sm ...

A metastable lamellar aggregate of ferrite and cementite resulting from the transformation of austenite at temperatures above the bainite range.

See gaseous corrosion.

A galvanic cell resulting from difference in oxygen concentration between two locations; See differential aeration cell.

Separation of a solid accompanied by little or no macroscopic plastic deformation. Typically, brittle fracture occurs by rapid crack propagation with less expenditure of energy than for ductile fracture.

Electrochemical system consisting of an anode and a cathode immersed in an electrolyte. The anode and cathode may be separate metals or dissimilar areas on the same metal. The cell includes the external circuit, which permits the flow of electrons from th ...

Fracture of a metal during quenching from elevated temperature. Most frequently observed in hardened carbon steel, alloy steel, or tool steel parts of high hardness and low toughness. Cracks often emanate from fillets, holes, corners, or other stress rais ...

The mass of unit volume of a material at a specified temperature.

An agent or combination of agents added to an electroplating bath to produce a smooth, lustrous deposit.

The maximum compressive stress a material is capable of developing. With a brittle material that fails in compression by fracturing, the compressive strength has a definite value. In the case of ductile, malleable, or semiviscous materials (which do not f ...