Fracture of a metal during quenching from elevated temperature. Most frequently observed in hardened carbon steel, alloy steel, or tool steel parts of high hardness and low toughness. Cracks often emanate from fillets, holes, corners, or other stress rais ...

A pair of dissimilar conductors, commonly metals, in electrical contact. See also galvanic corrosion.

Surface having a thin, tightly adhering, oxidized skin (from straw to blue in color), extending in from the edge of a coil or sheet.

Electrode reaction equivalent to a transfer of negative charge from the electronic to the ionic conductor. A cathodic reaction is a reduction process. An example common in corrosion is: Ox + ne s Red.

A network of checks or cracks appearing on the surface.

The ratio of the electrochemical equivalent current density for a specific reaction to the total applied current density.

Corrosion effect on a metal per unit of time. The type of corrosion rate used depends on the technical .system and on the type of corrosion effect. Thus, corrosion rate may be expressed as an increase in corrosion depth per unit of time (penetration rate, ...

The mass of unit volume of a material at a specified temperature.

The number of cycles of stress that can be sustained prior to failure under a stated test condition.

(1) The amount of any substance dissolved or deposited in electrolysis is proportional to the total electric charge passed. (2) The amounts of different substances dissolved or deposited by the passage of the same electric charge are proportional to their ...

A positively charged ion that migrates through the electrolyte toward the cathode under the influence of a potential gradient. See also anion and ion.

A cell developed in an electrolyte resulting from electrical contact between two dissimilar metals. See galvanic corrosion.

The stress that will cause fracture in a creep test at a given time in a specified constant environment. Also called stress-rupture strength.

In austenitic stainless steels the precipitation of chromium carbides, usually at grain boundaries, on exposure to temperatures of about 550 to 850

A substance that produces depolarization.

(1) A type of corrosion attack (deterioration) uniformly distributed over metal surface. (2) Corrosion that proceeds at approximately the same rate over a metal surface. Also called general corrosion.

The range of the stress-intensity factor during a fatigue cycle.

Electrodepositing a metal or alloy in an adherent form on an object serving as a cathode.

The electroplating of zinc upon iron or steels

The phenomenon leading to fracture under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than the tensile strength of the material. Fatigue fractures are progressive and grow under the action of the fluctuating stress.