The part of the total carbon in steel or cast iron that is present as other than free carbon.

(1) Hardening suitable a = b alloys (most often certain copper or titanium alloys) by solution treating and quenching to develop a martensite-like structure. (2) In ferrous alloys, hardening by austenitizing and then cooling at a rate such that a substant ...

(1) A cell, the emf of which is due to the potential difference between a metal in an active state and the same metal in a passive state. (2) A corrosion cell in which the anode is a metal in the active state and the cathode is the same metal in the passi ...

Electrode reaction equivalent to a transfer of negative charge from the electronic to the ionic conductor. A cathodic reaction is a reduction process. An example common in corrosion is: Ox + ne s Red.

A positively charged ion that migrates through the electrolyte toward the cathode under the influence of a potential gradient. See also anion and ion.

The electrolyte adjacent to the cathode of an electrolytic cell.

A network of checks or cracks appearing on the surface.

A substance that produces depolarization.

The development of slight breaks in a coating that do not penetrate to the underlying surface.

The rate of crack extension caused by constant-amplitude fatigue loading, expressed in terms of crack extension per cycle of load application.

The stress that will cause fracture in a creep test at a given time in a specified constant environment. Also called stress-rupture strength.

The ratio of the electrochemical equivalent current density for a specific reaction to the total applied current density.

The range of the stress-intensity factor during a fatigue cycle.

(1) The amount of any substance dissolved or deposited in electrolysis is proportional to the total electric charge passed. (2) The amounts of different substances dissolved or deposited by the passage of the same electric charge are proportional to their ...

The destruction of adhesion between a coating and the surface coated.

Conduction of electric current from an underground metallic structure by means of a metallic conductor. Forced drainage is that applied to underground metallic structures by means of an applied electromotive force or sacrificial anode. Natural drainage is ...

The electroplating of zinc upon iron or steels

Fracture of a metal during quenching from elevated temperature. Most frequently observed in hardened carbon steel, alloy steel, or tool steel parts of high hardness and low toughness. Cracks often emanate from fillets, holes, corners, or other stress rais ...

A metastable lamellar aggregate of ferrite and cementite resulting from the transformation of austenite at temperatures above the bainite range.

The number of cycles of stress that can be sustained prior to failure under a stated test condition.