An imprecise term used to denote a treatment given cold-worked material to reduce its strength to a controlled level or to effect stress relief. To be meaningful, the type of material, the degree of cold work, and the time-temperature schedule must be sta ...

Coal tar or asphalt-based coating.

A cell developed in an electrolyte resulting from electrical contact between two dissimilar metals. See galvanic corrosion.

The rate of crack extension caused by constant-amplitude fatigue loading, expressed in terms of crack extension per cycle of load application.

The difference between the actual electrode potential when appreciable electrolysis begins and the reversible electrode potential.

The liquid material remaining from pulpwood cooking in the soda or sulfate paper-making process.

Electrodepositing a metal or alloy in an adherent form on an object serving as a cathode.

See chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition and sputtering.

In electroplating, a supplementary anode positioned so as to raise the current density on a certain area of the cathode and thus obtain better distribution of plating.

That portion of the base metal that was not melted during brazing, cutting, or welding, but whose microstructure and mechanical properties were altered by the heat; Refers to area adjacent to a weld where the thermal cycle has coused microstructural chang ...

A network of checks or cracks appearing on the surface.

A condition in which a piece of metal, because of an impervious covering of oxide or other compound, has a potential much more positive than that at the metal in the active state.

Performing a chromate treatment

The process in which a metal fractures prematurely under conditions of simultaneous corrosion and repeated cyclic loading at lower stress levels or fewer cycles than would be required in the absence of the corrosive environment.

The phenomenon leading to fracture under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than the tensile strength of the material. Fatigue fractures are progressive and grow under the action of the fluctuating stress.

An atmosphere in an area of heavy industry with soot, fly ash, and sulfur compounds as the principal constituents.

A composite metal containing, two or more layers that have been bonded together. The bonding may have been accomplished by co-rolling, co-extrusion, welding, diffusion bonding, casting, heavy chemical deposition, heavy electroplating, or explosive claddin ...

The current flowing to or from a unit area of an electrode surface, generally expressed as amps per sq ft or milliamperes per sq ft (also milliamps per sq cm, etc).

The eutectic of the iron-carbon system, the constituents of which are austenite and cementite. The austenite decomposes into ferrite and cementite on cooling below the temperature at which transformation of austenite to ferrite or ferrite plus cementite i ...

The maximum current density that can be used to obtain a desired electrode reaction without undue interference such as from polarization.