An imprecise term used to denote a treatment given cold-worked material to reduce its strength to a controlled level or to effect stress relief. To be meaningful, the type of material, the degree of cold work, and the time-temperature schedule must be sta ...

The net transfer of electric charge per unit time. Also called electric current. See also current density.

A visible corrosion product consisting of hydrated oxides of iron. Applied only to ferrous alloys. See also white rust.

In austenitic stainless steels the precipitation of chromium carbides, usually at grain boundaries, on exposure to temperatures of about 550 to 850

Removing the thick layer of oxides formed on some metals at elevated temperatures.

The phenomenon leading to fracture under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than the tensile strength of the material. Fatigue fractures are progressive and grow under the action of the fluctuating stress.

The range of the stress-intensity factor during a fatigue cycle.

Deposition of a metal or compound on a heated surface by reduction or decomposition of a volatile compound at a temperature below the melting points of the deposit and the base material. The reduction is usually accomplished by a gaseous reducing agent su ...

That portion of the base metal that was not melted during brazing, cutting, or welding, but whose microstructure and mechanical properties were altered by the heat; Refers to area adjacent to a weld where the thermal cycle has coused microstructural chang ...

An instrument for indicating or measuring a small electric current by means of a mechanical motion derived from electromagnetic or electrodynamic forces produced by the current.

In electroplating, a supplementary anode positioned so as to raise the current density on a certain area of the cathode and thus obtain better distribution of plating.

(1) Producing a chromate conversion coating on magnesium for temporary protection or for a paint base. (2) The solution that produces the conversion coating.

A composite metal containing, two or more layers that have been bonded together. The bonding may have been accomplished by co-rolling, co-extrusion, welding, diffusion bonding, casting, heavy chemical deposition, heavy electroplating, or explosive claddin ...

Loss of carbon from the surface layer of a carbon-containing alloy due to reaction with one or more chemical substances in a medium that contacts the surface. See also dealloying.

Performing a chromate treatment

An accelerated corrosion test for some electrodeposits for anodic coatings on aluminum.

Splitting (fracture) of a crystal on a crystallographic plane of' low index.

Ability of a metal to withstand corrosion in a given corrosion system.

The liquid material remaining from pulpwood cooking in the soda or sulfate paper-making process.

Electrodepositing a metal or alloy in an adherent form on an object serving as a cathode.