See principal stress (normal).

Provisional value for plane-strain fracture toughness.

Whitening and loss of gloss of a usually organic coating caused by moisture. Also called blooming.

A metallic connection that provides electrical continuity between metal structures.

The current density, often referred to as limiting current density, that corresponds to the maximum transfer rate that a particular species can sustain because of the limitation of diffusion.

The mass of a unit volume of a gas at a stated temperature and pressure.

Corrosion resulting from an electrochemical cell caused by a thermal gradient.

The formation of complex chemical species by the coordination of groups of atoms termed ligands to a central ion, commonly a metal ion. Generally, the ligand coordinates by providing a pair of electrons that forms an ionic or covalent bond to the central ...

(1) Hardening suitable a = b alloys (most often certain copper or titanium alloys) by solution treating and quenching to develop a martensite-like structure. (2) In ferrous alloys, hardening by austenitizing and then cooling at a rate such that a substant ...

The minimum value of Kc for any given material and condition, which is attained when rapid crack propagation in the opening mode is governed by plane-strain conditions.

The potential of a corroding surface in an electrolyte, relative to a reference electrode. Also called rest potential, open circuit potential, or freely corroding potential.

Coating containing zinc powder pigment andan organic resin.

Naturally occurring magnetic oxide of iron (Fe3O4).

An obsolete historical term denoting a form of stress-corrosion cracking most frequently encountered in carbon steels or iron-chromium-nickel alloys that are exposed to concentrated hydroxide solutions at temperatures of 200 to 250

The weight of an element or group of elements oxidized or reduced at 100~ efficiency by the passage of a unit quantity of electricity. Usually expressed as grams per coulomb.

Embrittlement of alloy steels caused by holding within or cooling slowly through a temperature range just below the transformation range. Embrittlement is the result of the segregation at grain boundaries of impurities such as arsenic, antimony, phosphoru ...

A wood-pulping process in which sodium sulfate is used in the caustic soda pulp-digestion liquor. Also called kraft pulping or sulfate pulping.

The destruction of adhesion between a coating and its substrate by products of a cathodic reaction.

Seawater containing a higher concentration of dissolved salt than that of the ordinary ocean.

Heating a metal or alloy to such a high temperature that its properties are impaired. When the original properties cannot be restored by further heat treating, by mechanical working, or by a combination of working and heat treating, the overheating is kno ...