Any process whereby a base metal or alloy is either (1) coated with another metal or alloy and heated to a sufficient temperature in a suitable environment or (2) exposed to a gaseous or liquid medium containing the other metal or alloy, thus causing diff ...

An oil capable of conversion from a liquid to a solid by slow reaction with oxygen in the air.

The mass of a unit volume of a gas at a stated temperature and pressure.

The potential of a metal surface necessary to decompose the electrolyte of a cell or a component/substance thereof.

Naturally occurring magnetic oxide of iron (Fe3O4).

Embrittlement of stainless steels upon extended exposure to temperatures between 400 and 510

A powerfully oxidizing allotropic form of the element oxygen. The ozone molecule contains three atoms (O3). Ozone gas is decidedly blue, and both liquid and solid ozone are an opaque blue-black color, similar to that of ink.

Corrosion resulting from an electrochemical cell caused by a thermal gradient.

The weight of an element or group of elements oxidized or reduced at 100~ efficiency by the passage of a unit quantity of electricity. Usually expressed as grams per coulomb.

The current density, often referred to as limiting current density, that corresponds to the maximum transfer rate that a particular species can sustain because of the limitation of diffusion.

Embrittlement of ultrahigh-strength steels caused by tempering in the temperature range of 205 to 400

The degradation of a solid body resulting from its exposure to cavitation. This may include loss of material, surface deformation, or changes in properties or appearance.

The thermodynamic function 3G = 5H - TSS, where H is enthalpy, T is absolute temperature. and S is entropy. Also called free energy, free enthalpy, or Gibbs function.

The ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing, measured by elongation or reduction of area in a tensile test, by height of cupping in an Erichsen test, or by other means.

A measure of proportion by weight, equivalent to one unit weight of a material per million (106) unit weights of compound. One part per million is equivalent to l mg/g

(1) Injection of air or water under high pressure through a tube to the anode area for the purpose of purging the annular space and possibly correcting high resistance caused by gas blocking. (2) In connection with boilers or cooling towers, the process o ...

The maximum stress that presumably leads to fatigue fracture in a specified number of stress cycles. If the stress is not completely reversed. the value of the mean stress. the minimum stress, or the stress ratio should also be stated. Compare with endura ...

The formation of complex chemical species by the coordination of groups of atoms termed ligands to a central ion, commonly a metal ion. Generally, the ligand coordinates by providing a pair of electrons that forms an ionic or covalent bond to the central ...

A metal plating process wherein the plating current is provided by galvanic action between the work metal and a second metal, without the use of an external source of current.

(1) The removal of oxygen from molten metals by use of suitable deoxidixers. (2) Sometimes refers to the removal of undesirable elements other than oxygen by the introduction of elements or compounds that readily react with them. (3) In metal finishing, t ...