(1) A cathode, usuully corrugated to give variable current densities, that is plated at low current densities to preferentially remove impurities from a plating solution. (2) A substitute cathode that is used during adjustment of operating conditions.

The stress level in a material at or above the yield strength but below the ultimate strength, i.e., a stress in the plastic range.

A crystal that has a treelike branching pattern, being most evident in cast metals, slowly cooled through the solidification range.

A coating consisting of' a compound of the surface metal, produced by chemical or electrochemical treatments of the metal. Examples include chromate coatings on zinc, cadmium, magnesium, and aluminum and oxide and phosphate coatings on steel. See also chr ...

A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, thereby causing it to spread more readily on a solid surface.

(1) A solid solution of one or more elements in body-centered cubic iron. Unless otherwise designated (for instance, as chromium ferrite), the solute is generally assumed to be carbon. On some equilibrium diagrams, there are two ferrite regions separated ...

A raised area, often dome shaped, resulting from (1) loss of adhesion between a coating or deposit and the base metal or (2) delamination under the pressure of expanding gas trapped in a metal in a near-subsurface zone. Very small blisters may be called p ...

Occurs in the base metal adjacent to weldments due to high through-thickness strains introduced by weld metal shrinkage in highly restrained joints. Tearing occurs by decohesion and linking along the working direction of the base metal; cracks usually run ...

An accelerated corrosion test for electrodeposits.

A thin, inhibiting paint, usually chromate pigmented with a polyvinyl butyrate binder.

Removal of dissolved mineral matter, generally from water.

An electrolytic cell, the electromotive force of which is due to a difference in air (oxygen) concentration at one electrode as compared with that at another electrode of the same material; an oxygen concentration cell (a cell resulting from a potential d ...

A coating developed on a metal surface by a high temperature diffusion process (as carburization, calorizing, or chromizing).

A compound of iron and carbon, known chemically as iron carbide and having the approximate chemical formula Fe3C. It is characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure. When it occurs as a phase in steel, the chemical composition will be altered by the ...

The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from proportionality of stress and strain. An onset of 0.2% is used for many metals.

The absorption of carbon into a metal surface; may or may not be desirable.

Corrosion that is accompanied by a flow of electrons between cathodic and anodic areas on metallic surfaces.

Forming austenite by heating a ferrous alloy into the transformation range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing). When used without qualification, the term implies complete austenitizing.

The size of a flaw (defect) in a structure that will cause failure at a particular stress level.

A condition in which the interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid is such that the contact angle is 0