The size of a flaw (defect) in a structure that will cause failure at a particular stress level.

A condition in which the interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid is such that the contact angle is 0

Embrittlement under creep conditions of, for example, aluminum alloys and steels that results in abnormally low rupture ductility. In aluminum alloys, iron in amounts above the solubility limit is known to cause such embrittlement; in steels, the phenomen ...

Same as strain hardening.

(1) Permanently damaging a metal or alloy by heating to cause either incipient melting or intergranular oxidation. See also over-heating. (2) In grinding, getting the work hot enough to cause discoloration or to change the microstructure by tempering or h ...

A metastable aggregate of ferrite and cementite resulting from the transformation of austenite at temperatures below the pearlite range but above M

Corrosion that occurs under organic films in the form of randomly distributed threadlike filaments or spots. In many cases this is identical to filiform corrosion.

A generic term for microstructures formed by diffusionless phase transformation in which the parent and product phases have a specific crystallographic relationship. Martensite is characterized by an acicular pattern in the microstructure in both ferrous ...

The maximum stress that a material is capable of sustaining without any permanent strain (deformation) remaining upon complete release of the stress.

An electrode widely used as a reference electrode of known potential in electrometric measurement of acidity and alkalinity, corrosion studies, voltammetry, and measurement of the potentials of other electrodes. See also electrode potential, reference ele ...

The condition of an electrode when the rate of anodic dissolution just balances the rate of cathodic plating.885

Polarization of the cathode; change of the electrode potential in the active (negative) direction due to current flow; a reduction from the initial potential resulting from current flow effects at or near the cathode surface. Potential becomes more active ...

A segregated structure consisting of alternating nearly parallel bands of different composition, typically aligned in the direction of primary hot working.

A linear imperfection in a crystalline array of atoms. Two basic types are recognized: (1) an edge dislocation corresponds to the row of mismatched atoms along the edge formed by an extra, partial plane of atoms within the body of a crystal; (2) a screw d ...

The coating, usually green, that forms on the surface of metals such as copper and copper alloys exposed to the atmosphere. Also used to describe the appearance of a weathered surface of any metal.

(1) A reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion. (2) The process in metal corrosion by which metals become passive. (3) The changing of a chemically active surface of' a metal to a much less reactive state. Contrast with ...

A list of elements arranged according to their standard electrode potentials, with "noble" metals such as gold being positive and "active" metals such as zinc being negative.

(1) An iron mineral crystallizing in therhombohedral system; the most important oreof iron. (2) An iron oxide, Fe,O,, corrcsponding to an iron content of approximately 70%.

(1) Water having salinity values ranging from approximately 0.5 to l7 parts per thousand. (2) Water having less salt than seawater, but undrinkable.

Material placed in a drilled hole to fill space around anodes, vent pipe, and buried components of a cathodic protection system.