In general, the transformation of data from a "raw" form to some useable form. In meteorology, this often refers to the conversion of the observed value of an element to the value which it would theoretically have at some selected or standard level. The m ...

Rate of wind movement in distance per unit time.

See gust and peak gust.

See gain.

Wind with a speed between 48 and 55 knots (55 and 63 mph), Beaufort scale number 10.

Same as mercury barometer.

(1) The ratio of the speeds of a chemical reaction at two temperatures differing by 10

Dihydrogen oxide, molecular formula H2O.

Any one of a family of circular arcs consisting of concentric colored bands, arranged from red on the inside to blue on the outside, which may be seen on a "sheet" of water drops (rain, fog, spray). The most common of the many possible is the primary rain ...

The element directly responsive to the value of the measured variable.

The ratio of the output of an instrument to the input value, i.e. a rain gauge with a sensitivity of 1 tip per 0.01"

That portion of the atmosphere which is above the lower troposphere. Generally applied to levels above 850 mb.

The maximum distance, usually horizontally, at which a given object or light source is just visible under particular conditions of transmittance and background luminance.

The total infrared radiation emitted from the earth's surface. To be carefully distinguished from atmospheric radiation, effective terrestrial radiation, and insolation.

Any meteorological instrument, such as a radiosonde, in which the recording apparatus is located at some distance from the measuring apparatus.

The visibility along an identified runway, determined from a specified point on the runway with the observer facing in the same direction as a pilot using the runway. Compare to runway visible range.

The difference between the outgoing infrared terrestrial radiation of the earth's surface and the downcoming infrared counterradiation from the atmosphere.

A wave disturbance in airflow due to some barrier in the flow. i.e. a hill or mountain.

An apparatus, used in studying soil temperatures, for measuring the total supply of heat during a given period.

A numbering system using a base number of 16 and including the ten decimal digits (0 to 9) along with six alpha digits (A to F). Thus. a digit is available to represent each of the possible values of a 4-bit binary digit.