An apparatus, used in studying soil temperatures, for measuring the total supply of heat during a given period.

Any one of a family of circular arcs consisting of concentric colored bands, arranged from red on the inside to blue on the outside, which may be seen on a "sheet" of water drops (rain, fog, spray). The most common of the many possible is the primary rain ...

Dihydrogen oxide, molecular formula H2O.

See gust and peak gust.

The ratio of the output of an instrument to the input value, i.e. a rain gauge with a sensitivity of 1 tip per 0.01"

A plastic molding component formed by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde. It can be heavily reinforced or "filled" with glass fibers or other materials. Phenolics are known for their high impact strength, excellent wear characteristics, and dimension ...

An instrument designed to record the duration of sunshine at a given location without regard to intensity. See Campbell- Stokes recorder, Jordan sunshine recorder, Marvin sunshine recorder, Pers sunshine recorder.

The total of direct solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation received by a unit horizontal surface. Global radiation is measured by pyranometers.

A general term for instruments which sample atmospheric suspensoids by impaction. Same as impactometer.

Rate of wind movement in distance per unit time.

See gain.

In general, the transformation of data from a "raw" form to some useable form. In meteorology, this often refers to the conversion of the observed value of an element to the value which it would theoretically have at some selected or standard level. The m ...

The measurement and computation of wind speeds and directions at various levels above the surface of the earth. Methods include pilot balloon observations, rabals, rawin or rawinsonde observations, radar tracking, or acoustic sounding.

A form of data transmission in which the bits of each character are all sent simultaneously, resulting in extremely fast communication but requiring a communication path for each bit. Compare to serial data transmission.

The measuring, transmitting, receiving, and indicating apparatus for obtaining the value of a quantity at a distance.

A sounding balloon which, when operationally inflated, resembles an inverted teardrop.

A pointed device which indicates the amount of resistance encountered when it is forced into a material such as snow or soil. See ram penetrometer.

A remote indicator for wind speed and direction used in conjunction with a contact anemometer and a wind vane. The indicator consists of a center light, connected to the contact anemometer, surrounded by eight equally spaced lights which are individually ...

Contraction for radiosonde observation.

Downward-facing pyranometer used for measuring reflected solar radiation.