A technique for making winds aloft observations in which two theodolites located at either end of a baseline follow the ascent of a pilot balloon. Synchronous measurements of the elevation and azimuth angles of the balloon. taken at periodic intervals, pe ...

The process by which water in plants is transferred as water vapor to the atmosphere. Also, the amount of water so transferred.

Electromagnetic radiation lying in the wavelength interval between 0.8 micron and I millimeter. At the lower limit of this interval, the infrared radiation spectrum is bounded by visible radiation, while on its upper limit it is bounded by microwave radia ...

A particular pattern of snow sampler having an internal diameter of 1.485 inches so that each inch of water in the sample weighs one ounce.

Same as an upper air observation, but commonly used to refer to a single complete radiosonde observation.

Same as Aeolian.

Wind with a speed between 17 and 21 knots (19 and 24 mph); Beaufort scale number 5.

For a given location, a measure of the long-range effectiveness of precipitation in promoting plant growth. Also called precipitation-evaporation index.

An accumulation of granular ice tufts on the windward sides of exposed objects that is formed from supercooled fog or cloud and built out directly against the wind.

Thermometer used for measuring the lowest temperature attained during a given interval of time, for example, a day.

An instrument for measuring the frost point of the atmosphere.

Read Only Memory. A memory that cannot be altered in normal use of a computer, Usually used to store information permanently, such as firmware programs.

That portion of the record of a microbarograph between any two (or a specified small number) of successive crossings of the average pressure level (in the same direction). Analogous to microseism.

A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration on the order of minutes, and a rather sudden decrease in speed.

The outer, solid portion of the earth: the crust of the earth.

The meteorological visual range, which can be estimated from the average extinction coefficient using the Koschmieder equation.

The temperature at which the liquid and solid forms of a substance may exist in equilibrium at a given pressure (usually one standard atmosphere). The true freezing point of water is known as the ice point.

In general, solar radiation received at the earth's surface. Contracted from incoming solar radiation.

An anemometer which measures wind speed by means of the properties of wind-borne sound waves. It operates on the principle that the propagation velocity of a sound wave in a moving medium is equal to the velocity of sound with respect to the medium plus t ...

Thermodynamic change of state of a system in which there is transfer of heat across the boundaries of the system. Compare to adiabatic process.