Pitting resulting from ablation, outgassing or meteor contact.

Deterioration of gray cast iron in which the metallic constituents are selectively leached or converted to corrosion products leaving the graphite intact. The term graphitization is commonly used to identify this form of corrosion, but is not recommended ...

An experimental technique for evaluating susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking. It involves pulling the specimen to failure in uniaxial tension at a controlled slow strain rate while the specimen is in the test environment and examining the specimen ...

A term used in the automotive industry to describe the corrosion of vehicle body parts due to the collection of road salts and debris on ledges and in pockets that are kept moist by weather and washing. Also called deposit corrosion or attack.

A fatigue fracture feature, often observed in electron micrographs, that indicates the position of the crack front after each succeeding cycle of stress. The distance between striations indicates the advance of the crack front across that crystal during o ...

An individual crystal in a polycrystalline metal or alloy; it may or may not contain twinned regions and subgrains; a portion of a solid metal (usually a fraction of an inch in size), in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern.

The formation of localized corrosion products scattered over the surface in the form of knoblike mounds called tubercles.

See transgranular cracking.

A form of high-temperature corrosion of chromium-bearing alloys in which green chromium oxide (Cr2O3) forms, but certain other alloy constituents remain metallic; some simultaneous carburization is sometimes observed.

A nonpolarizable electrode with a known and highly reproducible potential used for potentiometric and voltammetric analyses. See also calomel electrode.

The stress component perpendicular to a plane on which forces act. Normal stress may be either tensile or compresssive.

Corrosion at discrete sites, stress-corrosion cracking.

A stress that causes two parts of an elastic body. on either side of a typical stress plane, to pull apart. Contrast with compressive stress.

A hard, brittle, nonmagnetic intermediate phase with a tetragonal crystal structure, containing 30 atoms per unit cell, space group P42mnm, occurring in many binary and ternary alloys of the transition elements. The composition of this phase in the variou ...

Visible at magnifications above 25x.

The reversible interchange of ions between a liquid and solid, with no substantial structural changes in the solid.

Also called solidification crackinghot cracking of weldments is caused by the segregation at grain boundaries of low-melting constituents in the weld metal. This can resultin grain-boundary tearing under thermal contraction stresses. Hot cracking can be m ...

An accumulation of deposits. This term includes accumulation and growth of marine organisms on a submerged metal surface and also includes the accumulation of deposits (usually inorganic) on heat exchanger tubing.

Threshold stress for stress-corrosion-cracking. The critical gross section stress at the onset of stress-corrosion cracking under specified conditions.

A device for measuring temperatures, consisting of lengths of two dissimilar metals or alloys that are electrically joined at one end and connected to a voltage-measuring instrument at the other end. When one junction is hotter than the other, a thermal e ...