A galvanic cell caused by a difference in metal ion concentration at two locations on the same metal surface.

Overvoltage associated with the liberation of hydrogen gas.

Any aquatic organism with a sessile adult stage that attaches to and fouls underwater structures of ships.

The stress condition in linear elastic fracture mechanics in which there is zero strain in a direction normal to both the axis of applied tensile stress and the direction of crack growth (that is, parallel to the crack front); most nearly achieved in load ...

The occurrence of embrittlement in a material below the melting point of the embrittling species. See also liquid-metal embrittlement.

See intergranular cracking.

An alloy having an amorphous or glassy structure. See also amorphous solid.

Descriptive treatment of fracture, especially in metals, with specific reference to photographs of the fracture surface. Macrofractography involves photographs at low magnification (< 25x); microfractography, photographs at high magnification (>25x)

A thermal spraying process in which the coating material is melted with heat from a plasma torch that generates a nontransferred arc: molten coating material is propelled against the base metal by the hot, ionized gas issuing from the torch.

A range of corrosion potential values in which unacceptable corrosion resistance is achieved for a particular purpose.

Heat treatment carried out in steel to reduce internal stresses.

A scaling factor, usually denoted by the symbol K, used in linear-elastic fracture mechanics to describe the intensification of applied stress at the tip of a crack of known size and shape. At the onset of rapid crack propagation in any structure containi ...

A method of fracture analysis that can determine the stress (or load) required to induce fracture instability in a structure containing a cracklike flaw of known size and shape. See also fracture mechanics and stress-intensity factor.

A multiplying factor for applied stress that allows for the presence of a structural discontinuity such as a notch or hole; Kt equals the ratio of the greatest stress in the region of the discontinuity to the nominal stress for the entire section. Also ca ...

The opposition that a device or material offers to the flow of direct current, equal to the voltage drop across the element divided by the current through the element. Also called electrical resistance.

That type of force that causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of the same body to slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.

A twisting deformation of a solid body about an axis in which lines that were initially parallel to the axis become helices.

The potential of an electrode in an electrolytic solution when the forward rate of a given reaction is exactly equal to the reverse rate. The equilibrium potential can only be defined with respect to a specific electrochemical reaction.

The stress condition in linear elastic fracture mechanics in which the stress in the thickness direction is zero; most nearly achieved in loading very thin sheet along a direction parallel to the surface of the sheet. Under plane-stress conditions, the pl ...

See biological corrosion.