A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; The negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion activity; it denotes the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution. At 25

A reference electrode composed of mercury, mercurous chloride (calomel), and a saturated aqueous chloride solution.

The chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties.

A thin, tightly adhering oxide skin (only a few molecules thick) that forms when steel is tempered at a low temperature, or for a short time, in air or a mildly oxidizing atmosphere. The color, which ranges from straw to blue depending on the thickness of ...

Pertaining to forces on a body or part of a body that tend to crush or compress the body.

The potential of an electrode measured with respect to a reference electrode or another electrode when no current flows to or from it.

To coat a metal surface with zinc using any of various processes.

A condition in which a piece of metal, because of an impervious covering of oxide or other compound, has a potential much more positive than that at the metal in the active state.

See mixed potential.

See salt fog test.

Water that contains certain salts, such as those of calcium or magnesium, which form insoluble deposits in boilers and form precipitates with soap.

A type of weld cracking that usually occurs below 203

The development of loose removable powder at the surface of an organic coating usually caused by weathering.

The potential of a reversible oxidation-reduction electrode measured with respect to a reference electrode, corrected to the hydrogen electrode, in a given electrolyte.

Corrosion which is increased because of the abrasive action of a moving stream; the presence of suspended particles greatly accelerates abrasive action.See erosion-corrosion.

A chemical compound with one or more carboxyl radicals (COOH) in its structure; examples are butyric acid, CH3(CH2)2COOH; maleic acid, HOOCCH-CHCOOH; and benzoic acid, C6H5COOH.

The eutectic of the iron-carbon system, the constituents of which are austenite and cementite. The austenite decomposes into ferrite and cementite on cooling below the temperature at which transformation of austenite to ferrite or ferrite plus cementite i ...

The positive direction of electrode potential, thus resembling noble metals such as gold and platinum.

See cathodic protection.

An assembly, consisting of a vessel, electrodes, and an electrolyte, in which electrolysis can be carried out.