That portion of the polarization of a cell produced by concentration changes resulting from passage of' current through the electrolyte.

A chemical compound with one or more carboxyl radicals (COOH) in its structure; examples are butyric acid, CH3(CH2)2COOH; maleic acid, HOOCCH-CHCOOH; and benzoic acid, C6H5COOH.

The potential of a reversible oxidation-reduction electrode measured with respect to a reference electrode, corrected to the hydrogen electrode, in a given electrolyte.

An equation that expresses the exact electromotive force of a cell in terms of the activities of products and reactants of the cell.

An electrolytic cell, the electromotive force of which is caused by a difference in concentration of some component in the electrolyte. This difference leads to the formation of discrete cathode and anode regions.

Forming an adherent phosphate coating on a metal by immersion in a suitable aqueous phosphate solution. Also called phosphatizing. See also conversion coating.

See mixed potential.

An obsolete historical term usually applied to stress-corrosion crackling of brass.

A glass membrane electrode used to measure pH or hydrogen-ion activity.

Water that contains certain salts, such as those of calcium or magnesium, which form insoluble deposits in boilers and form precipitates with soap.

The potential of an electrode in an electrolyte as measured against a reference electrode. The electrode potential does not include any resistance losses in potential in either the solution or external circuit. It represents the reversible work to move a ...

Surface discoloration of a metal caused by formation of a thin film of corrosion product.

Any of several processes in which both nitrogen and carbon are absorbed into the surface layers of a ferrous material at temperatures below the lower critical temperature and, by diffusion, create a concenteration gradient. Nitrocarburizing is performed p ...

A reaction in which there is a decrease in valence resulting from a gain in electrons. Contrast with oxidation.

The electromotive force generated in a circuit containing two dissimilar metals when one junction is at a temperature different from that of the other. see also thermocouple.

A galvanic cell resulting from inhomogeneities between areas on a metal surface in an electrolyte. The inhomogeneities may be of physical or chemical nature in either the metal or its environment.

The electric current that flows between metals or conductive nonmetal in a galvanic couple.

An experimental technique where by an electrode is maintained at a constant current in an electrolyte.

Depositing filler metal on a surfsae by welding, spraying, or braze welding to increase resistance to abrasion, erosion, wear, galling. impact, or cavitation damage.

Pertaining to the current resulting from the coupling of dissimilar electrodes in an electrolyte