The rate of charge transfer per unit area when an electrode reaches dynamic equilibrium (at its reversible potential) in a solution; that is, the rate of anodic charge transfer (oxidation) balances the rate of cathodic charge transfer (reduction).

Deterioration of material caused by ion impact.

The art of producing metal powders and utilizing metal powders for production of' massive materials and shaped objects.

Being or composed of matter other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or matter that is not of plant or animal origin. Contrast with organic.

A plot of the redox potential of a corroding system versus the pH of the system, compiled using thermodynamic data and the Nernst equation. The diagram shows regions within which the metal itself or some of its compounds are stable.

An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.

See Pourbaix (potential-pH) diagram.

A single, solid, homogeneous crystalline phase containing two or more chemical species.

When an electrode reaches dynamic equilibrium in a solution, the rate of anodic dissolution balances the rate of cathodic plating. The rate at which either positive or negative charges are entering or leaving the surface at this point is known as the exch ...

Factor for a loading condition that displaced the crack faces in a direction normal to the crack plane (also known as the opening mode of deformation).

The component of either a liquid or solid solution that is present to a lesser or minor extent: the component that is dissolved in thesolution.

One of the relatively scarce and valuable metals: gold, silver, and the platinum-group metals. Also called noble metal(s).

See embrittlement.

The shear stress on a transverse cross section resulting from u twisting action.

The reaction of a metal or alloy with a sulfur-containing species to produce a sulfur compound that forms on or beneath the surface on the metal or alloy.

The permanent (inelastic) distortion of metals under applied stresses that strain the material beyond its elastic limit.

See principal stress (normal).

Corrosion testing in a boiling solution of nitric acid. This test is mainly used to detect the susceptibilty to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel.

Heating an alloy to a suitable temperature, holding at that temperature long enough to cause one or more constituents to enter into solid solution, and then cooling rapidly enough to hold these constituents in solution.

Brittle fracture of a metal in which the fracture is between the grains, or crystals, that form the metal. Also called intercrystalline fracture. Contrast with transgranular fracture.