An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.

Corrosion testing in a boiling solution of nitric acid. This test is mainly used to detect the susceptibilty to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel.

A plot of the redox potential of a corroding system versus the pH of the system, compiled using thermodynamic data and the Nernst equation. The diagram shows regions within which the metal itself or some of its compounds are stable.

The art of producing metal powders and utilizing metal powders for production of' massive materials and shaped objects.

Being or composed of matter other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or matter that is not of plant or animal origin. Contrast with organic.

The part of the total carbon in steel or cast iron that is present in elemental form as graphite or temper carbon. Contrast with combined carbon.

One of the relatively scarce and valuable metals: gold, silver, and the platinum-group metals. Also called noble metal(s).

The first coat of paint applied to a surface. Formulated to have good bonding and wetting characteristics; may or may not contain inhibiting pigments.

A single, solid, homogeneous crystalline phase containing two or more chemical species.

The surroundings or conditions (physical, chemical, mechanical) in which a material exists.

Brittle fracture of a metal in which the fracture is between the grains, or crystals, that form the metal. Also called intercrystalline fracture. Contrast with transgranular fracture.

The shear stress on a transverse cross section resulting from u twisting action.

The permanent (inelastic) distortion of metals under applied stresses that strain the material beyond its elastic limit.

The reaction of a metal or alloy with a sulfur-containing species to produce a sulfur compound that forms on or beneath the surface on the metal or alloy.

Deterioration of material caused by ion impact.

See principal stress (normal).

(1) State of anodically passivated metal characterized by a considerable increase of the corrosion current, in the; absence of pitting, when the potential is increased. (2) The noble region of potential where an electrode exhibits at higher than passive c ...

Corrosion resulting from direct current flow through paths other than the intended circuit. For example, by an extraneous current in the earth.

The movement of ions through the electrolyte associated with the passage of the electric current. Also called transport or migration.

In chemistry,a homogeneous dispersion of two or more kinds of molecular or ionic species. Solution may be composed of any combination of liquids, solids, or gases, but they always consist of a single phase.