Deterioration of material caused by ion impact.

See Pourbaix (potential-pH) diagram.

A loss in ductility accompanied by an increase in hardness and strength that occurs when low-carbon steel (especially rimmed or capped steel) is aged following plastic deformation. The degree of embrittlement is a function of aging time and temperature, o ...

Brittle fracture of a metal in which the fracture is between the grains, or crystals, that form the metal. Also called intercrystalline fracture. Contrast with transgranular fracture.

A single, solid, homogeneous crystalline phase containing two or more chemical species.

The reversible potential for an electrode process when all products and reactions are at unit activity on a scale in which the potential for the standard hydrogen half-cell is zero.

When an electrode reaches dynamic equilibrium in a solution, the rate of anodic dissolution balances the rate of cathodic plating. The rate at which either positive or negative charges are entering or leaving the surface at this point is known as the exch ...

One of the relatively scarce and valuable metals: gold, silver, and the platinum-group metals. Also called noble metal(s).

The shear stress on a transverse cross section resulting from u twisting action.

Being or composed of matter other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or matter that is not of plant or animal origin. Contrast with organic.

An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.

A plot of the redox potential of a corroding system versus the pH of the system, compiled using thermodynamic data and the Nernst equation. The diagram shows regions within which the metal itself or some of its compounds are stable.

The part of the total carbon in steel or cast iron that is present in elemental form as graphite or temper carbon. Contrast with combined carbon.

The reaction of a metal or alloy with a sulfur-containing species to produce a sulfur compound that forms on or beneath the surface on the metal or alloy.

The permanent (inelastic) distortion of metals under applied stresses that strain the material beyond its elastic limit.

See principal stress (normal).

See embrittlement.

The component of either a liquid or solid solution that is present to a lesser or minor extent: the component that is dissolved in thesolution.

Corrosion testing in a boiling solution of nitric acid. This test is mainly used to detect the susceptibilty to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel.

Cracking or fracturing that occurs through or across a crystal or grain. Also called transcrystalline cracking. Contrast with intergranular cracking.