A metal in which the available electron energy levels are occupied in such away that the d-band contains less than its maximum number of ten electrons per atom, for example, iron, cobalt, nickel, and tungsten. The distinctive properties of the transition ...

Release of contained gas in the vaccum of outer space. eg. rapid destructive expansion of plastics and similar materials.

Corrosion resulting from direct current flow through paths other than the intended circuit. For example, by an extraneous current in the earth.

See Pourbaix (potential-pH) diagram.

The stress required to produce fracture in the plane of cross section, the conditions of loading being such that the directions of force and of resistance are parallel and opposite although their paths are offset a specified minimum amount. The maximum lo ...

In chemistry,a homogeneous dispersion of two or more kinds of molecular or ionic species. Solution may be composed of any combination of liquids, solids, or gases, but they always consist of a single phase.

Ferrire that is formed directly from the decomposition of hypoeutectoid austenite during cooling, without the simultaneous formation of cementite. Also called proeutectoid ferrite.

Same as bipolar electrode.

The heavy oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals.

See embrittlement.

Formation of isolated particles of corrosion products beneath a metal surface. This results from the prcferential reactions of certain alloy constituents to inward diffusion of oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.

(1) An arbitrarily defined temperature that lies within the temperature range in which metal fracture characteristics (as usually determined by tests of notched specimens) change rapidly, such as from primarily fibrous (shear) to primarily crystalline (cl ...

A chemical substance or combination of substances that, when present in the environment, prevents or reduces corrosion without significant reaction with the components of the environment.

The binding of an adsorbate to the surface of a solid by forces whose energy levels approximate those of condensation. Contrast with chemisorption.

A chain of organic molecules produced by the joining of primary units called monomers.

Plastic deformation by the irreversible shear displacement (translation) of one part of a crystal relative to another in a definite crystallographic direction and usually on a specific crystallographic plane. Sometimes called glide.

The technique for varying the potential of an electrode in a continuous manner at a preset rate.

The reciprocal of polarization resistance (di/dE).

Molten slag; in the pulp and paper industry, the cooking chemicals tapped from the recovery boiler as molten material and dissolved in the smelt tank as green liquor.

Removing surface oxides from metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction. Pickling is the removal of any high temperature scale and any adjacent low chromium layer of metal from the surface of stainless steel by chemical means. Where the steel has b ...