The total electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. About 99.9 percent of its energy output falls within the wavelength interval from 0. 15 microns to 4.0 microns, with peak intensity near 0.47 microns. About one-half of the total energy in the solar ...

A graphical representation of stage or discharge at a point on a stream as a function of time.

A type of modulation in which the frequency of a continuous radio carrier wave is varied in accordance with the properties of a second (modulating) wave.

The boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, usually characterized by an abrupt change in lapse rate. Its height varies from 10 to 20 km. Regions above the tropopause have greater atmospheric stability than regions below.

A mercury barometer in which the tube is U-shaped and the upper and lower mercury surfaces have the same diameter.

A radiosonde which is dropped by parachute from an aircraft for the purpose of obtaining soundings of the atmosphere below.

Same as precipitation- effectiveness index.

Same as parhelion.

A type of cistern barometer in which the level of mercury in the cistern is adjusted to the zero point of the scale before each reading.

A large plastic constant-level balloon for duration flying (in excess of 24 hours) at altitudes above 40,000 feet, used for the determination of wind fields and the measurement of upper atmospheric parameters.

The study of waters (including oceans, lakes, and rivers) embracing either: (a) their physical characteristics, from the standpoint of the oceanographer or limnologist; or (b) the elements affecting safe navigation, from the point of view of the mariner. ...

Wind with a speed between 28 and 33 knots (32 and 38 mph); Beaufort scale number 7.

See stage.

The point (physical and/or electrical) where two distinct data processing elements meet.

Of equal or constant pressure, with respect to either space or time.

Any conventional barometer fitted with an extended scale so that atmospheric pressure measurements may be made at both high and low altitudes.

An instrument for measuring the intensity of light or the relative intensity of a pair of lights. Also called an illuminometer. If the instrument is designed to measure the intensity of light as a function of wavelength, it is called a spectrophotometer. ...

In general. the severe wind of an intense tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). The term has no further technical connotation, but, unfortunately, is easily conftlsed with the strictly defined hurricane-force wind,

A rain gauge which is placed under trees or foliage to determine the rainfall in that location. By comparing this catch with that from a rain gauge set in the open. the amount of rainfall which has been intercepted by foliage can be determined.

The physical exposure of an instrument. The effect of immediate environment upon the representativeness of the measurements obtained by meteorological instruments is considerable and not always correctable. The purpose of the instrument shelter is to prov ...