Wind with a speed between 48 and 55 knots (55 and 63 mph), Beaufort scale number 10.

In general. the severe wind of an intense tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). The term has no further technical connotation, but, unfortunately, is easily conftlsed with the strictly defined hurricane-force wind,

Downward scattered and reflected solar radiation, coming from the whole hemisphere with the exception of the solid angle of the sun's disc on a surface perpendicular to the axis of this cone.

A rainbow formed by light rays which have been reflected from an extended water surface. Not to be confused with a reflected rainbow whose image may be seen in a still body of water. The center of a reflection rainbow is at the same elevation as the sun b ...

in folklore, a name for fire.

Same as atmometer.

Anemometer which measures wind speed by measuring the degree of cooling of a metal film heated by an electric current. A type of cooling-power anemometer.

Rain gauge which registers precipitation that is too light to be registered by ordinary recording of the depth of water from precipitation. Same as ombrometer.

A rain gauge which is placed under trees or foliage to determine the rainfall in that location. By comparing this catch with that from a rain gauge set in the open. the amount of rainfall which has been intercepted by foliage can be determined.

Same as instrument shelter.

The value of the quantity measured, as indicated or otherwise provided by a measuring instrument.

Winds from the four cardinal points of the compass; that is, north, east, south, and west winds.

A sunshine recorder of the type in which the time scale is supplied by the motion of the sun. It consists of two opaque metal semi-cylinders mounted with their curved surfaces facing each other. Each of the semi-cylinders has a short narrow slit in its fl ...

A balloon designed to float at a constant pressure level. This may be accomplished by a pressure valve which controls the release of ballast so as to maintain flight above a selected pressure level until the supply of ballast is exhausted. See Moby Dick b ...

A contact anemometer connected to an electrical circuit which is so arranged that the average wind speed is indicated.

A cone-tipped metal rod designed to be driven downward into deposited snow or firn. The measured amount of force required to drive the rod a given distance is an indication of the physical properties of the snow or firn.

Abbreviation for precipitation effectiveness index.

An instrument whose calibration can be determined by means of simple physical measurements on the instrument. Compare to secondary instrument.

Wind with a speed between 11 and 16 knots (13 and 18 mph); Beaufort scale number 4.

The process by which small particles suspended in a medium of a different refractive index diffuse a portion of the incident radiation in all directions. In scattering no energy transformation results, only a change in the spatial distribution of the radi ...