A metal whose luster has been reduced because of a surface film, usually a corrosion product layer.

Removing surface oxides from metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction. Pickling is the removal of any high temperature scale and any adjacent low chromium layer of metal from the surface of stainless steel by chemical means. Where the steel has b ...

The current distribution in an electrolytic cell that is free of polarization.

A process resulting in adecrease of the toughness or ductility of a metal due to the presence of atomic hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement has been recognized classically as being of two types. The first known as internal hydrogen embrittlement, occurs when ...

Embrittlement of iron-chromium alloys (most notably austenitic stainless steels) caused by precipitation at grain boundaries of the hard, brittle intermetallic sigma phase during long periods of exposure to temperatures between approximately 560 and 980

A specimen that is notched and subjected to alternating stresses until a crack has developed at the root of the notch.

A metallic coating obtained bydipping the base metal into a molten metal.

Cracking or fracturing that occurs through or across a crystal or grain. Also called transcrystalline cracking. Contrast with intergranular cracking.

Resin formed by condensation of polybasic and monobasic acids with polyhydric alcohols.

See hydrogen embrittlement.

Corrosion occurring preferentially at grain boundaries, usually with slight or negligible attack on the adjacent grains. Also called intercrystalline corrosion.

Perforation of material in outer space resulting from meteor strikes.

A buried item, such as junk steel or graphite rods, that serves as the anode for the cathodic protection of pipelines or other buried structures. See also deep groundbed.

The intensity of the internally distributed forces or components of forces that resist a change in the volume or shape of a material that is or has been subjected to external forces. Stress is expressed in force per unit area and is calculated on the basi ...

Corrosion that proceeds laterally from the sites of initiation along planes parallel to the surface, generally at grain boundaries, forming corrosion products that force metal away from the body of the material, giving rise to a layered appearance.

Discontinuities in ci coating (suchasporosity, cracks, gape. and similar Bawd) that allow areas of base metal to be exposed to any corrosive environment that contacts the coated surface.

A tendency for some alloys to separate along grain boundaries when stressed ordeformed at temperatures near the melting point.Hot shortness is caused by a low-melting constituent, often present only in minute amounts,that is segregated at grain boundaries ...

Any metallic structure that is not intended as part of a cathodic protection system of interest.

An aggregate of iron or alloy carbides of essentially spherical shape dispersed throughout a matrix of ferrite.

The formation of isolated particles of corrosion products beneath the metal surface. This occurs as the result of preferential oxidation of certain alloy constituents by inward diffusion of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and so forth.